The
South Asian island nation of Sri Lanka, which emerged from the ruins of
a 30-year war only four years ago, is now contending with a rise in
violent crime, including murders,
which has renewed talk from some politicians who want to implement capital punishment.
The death
penalty is on the books in Sri Lankan jurisprudence -- indeed, rapists,
murderers and drug dealers are handed the ultimate verdict routinely,
but no executions have been carried out in the country since 1976.
For
example, earlier this month, the operator of a private passenger bus who
was blamed for negligence in an accident that killed 41 people was
sentenced to death by a high court. Another 461 prisoners are
languishing in Sri Lanka prisons, awaiting the hangman's noose -- some
for as long as a quarter-century -- with no knowledge of their impending
fates, trapped in a kind of limbo.
C.
Pallegama, the new chief of the country's prison system, said he wants
to resolve the legal status of inmates condemned to death.
"Personally I don't agree with capital punishment," Pallegama told the BBC.
"Some [death row] prisoners have completed 20 years, 24 years, so there is a problem -- their unrest, their stress."
Pallegama
was referring to a number of prison riots that have resulted in the
deaths of dozens of inmates and raised questions about the culpability
of prison guards and security officials brought in to quell the
disturbances.
Pallegama,
who has met personally with death row prisoners, said the prisoners had
"been given severe punishments" and were "suffering," adding that they
either want to be executed or formally sentenced to life in prison.
(Death row prisoners in Sri Lanka typically have their terms commuted to
life sentences, but many remain in legal limbo).
Meanwhile, some prominent Sri Lankan lawmakers have openly called for the execution of condemned prisoners.
Tissa
Karaliyadda, Child Development and Women's Affairs Minister, told The
Nation that the death penalty should automatically be applied to
convicted rapists.
Similarly,
Media Minister Keheliya Rambukwella told the Daily News paper: "The
death penalty should be implemented for child molesters and drug lords."
Their
voices, often supported by the mass media and even religious figures,
come amid horrific bloodshed in what was once an island paradise -- Sri
Lanka reports at least 750 homicides annually (including some
particularly brutal murders of children and the elderly) and untold
thousands of sexual assaults and cases of child abuse.
In a
broader context, the civil war between the majority Sinhalese government
troops and Tamil rebel separatists hangs over the question of capital
punishment. Although no 'Tamil Tigers' are presently on death row, the
Sri Lankan government military's history of murdering, torturing and
summarily executing rebels during the final weeks of the war would
suggest that the state (including its armies of "death squads") has
never really stopped the killing of what it perceives to be "criminals."
Some critics blame the rising tide of violence on the legacy of that civil war, as well as a growing wealth gap in Sri Lanka.
"The
brutalizing impact of war has been compounded by a worsening economic
crisis that is deepening the social divide between rich and poor, and
creating festering social problems," wrote Sanjaya Jayasekera for the
World Socialist Web Site.
"Many of
the murders, often of rape victims, are taking place in rural areas
where poverty is rampant. Almost a quarter of Sri Lankans live below the
official poverty line, and four-fifths of the poor live in rural
areas."
Jayasekera
also accuses soldiers (some with ties to ruling politicians and
organized crime figures) who fought in the civil war of committing many
of the violent crimes attributed to so-called "common criminals."
"Over the past two decades, around 65,000 soldiers deserted the army," he said.
"Some
36,400 of them have been arrested since the end of the war in 2009. Many
who remain at large belong to an extensive criminal underworld with
close connections to politicians, from the local level right up to
government ministers. As well as being involved in drug peddling and
other forms of organized crime, these thugs carry out political violence
in return for protection."
Meanwhile, the Colombo government continues to hem and haw over its view of the death penalty.
Sri Lanka
even abstained on a vote in December 2012 at the UN General Assembly
that called for global moratorium of capital punishment.